Knowledge point 1:Influencing yam thiab countermeasures ntawm vuam txheej txheem zoo
Cov txheej txheem zoo yog hais txog qib ntawm kev lees paub ntawm cov khoom zoo hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim khoom.Hauv lwm lo lus, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom yog nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem, thiab nws yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm zoo los tsim cov khoom zoo.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom tsis yog tsuas yog tom qab ua tiav ntawm tag nrho cov kev ua haujlwm thiab kev sib dhos ua haujlwm, los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tshawb xyuas puv sijhawm los txiav txim siab ntau yam kev tsis sib xws, thiab tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm cov neeg siv txawm tias qhov yuav tsum tau ua, tab sis thaum pib lub txheej txheem txheej txheem tshwm sim thiab khiav los ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm ntau lawm.
Txawm hais tias qhov kawg cov khoom tsim nyog los yog tsis yog nyob ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem yuam kev.Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem yog qhov yooj yim txuas ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, tab sis kuj yog qhov txuas yooj yim ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas.
Kev tsim cov qauv welded suav nrog ntau cov txheej txheem, xws li decontamination thiab xeb tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau, straightening, marking, blanking, groove edge processing, forming, fitting of welded structure, welding, heat treatment, etc. Txhua txheej txheem muaj qee yam yuav tsum tau ua, thiab muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau nws qhov zoo.
Txij li thaum qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem yuav txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tshuaj xyuas ntau yam cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem zoo thiab siv cov kev tswj xyuas zoo los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv vuam.
Cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem yog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no: cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv, cov txheej txheem txheej txheem thiab tsib yam ntawm qhov chaw tsim khoom, hu ua "neeg, tshuab, khoom siv, txoj kev, thiab cov nplhaib" tsib yam.Lub degree ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm txhua yam ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv yog txawv heev, thiab nws yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam kom meej.
Vuam yog txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov qauv welded, thiab cov yam ntxwv uas cuam tshuam rau nws qhov zoo kuj yog cov saum toj no tsib yam.
1.Vuamtus neeg teb xov tooj yam
Cov txheej txheem vuam ntau yam nyob ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj mus rau qib sib txawv.
Rau phau ntawv arc welding, welder cov kev txawj ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo ntawm vuam.
Rau submerged arc tsis siv neeg vuam, kev hloov kho cov txheej txheem vuam tsis tuaj yeem raug cais tawm ntawm tib neeg kev ua haujlwm.
Rau txhua yam ntawm semi-automatic welding, lub zog ntawm lub arc raws welded sib koom tes kuj yog tswj los ntawm tus welder.Yog hais tias tus welder welding kev paub zoo tsis zoo, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, tsis ua raws li cov txheej txheem vuam, lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, kev siv tshuab tsis zoo yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm vuam ncaj qha.
Kev tswj kev ntsuas rau cov neeg ua haujlwm vuam yog raws li hauv qab no:
(1) Txhim kho qhov kev paub txog kev paub zoo ntawm cov vuam vuam "zoo ua ntej, tus neeg siv ua ntej, cov txheej txheem tom ntej yog tus neeg siv", txhim kho lawv lub luag haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab tsim kom muaj lub luag haujlwm zoo.
(2) Kev cob qhia kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua rau cov vuam vuam, paub cov txheej txheem cov txheej txheem theoretically, thiab txhim kho qib kev ua haujlwm hauv kev xyaum.
(3) Hauv kev tsim khoom, cov vuam vuam yuav tsum nruj me ntsis ua raws li cov txheej txheem vuam cov txheej txheem, thiab ntxiv dag zog rau kev tshuaj xyuas tus kheej ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam thiab kev tshuaj xyuas cov neeg soj ntsuam puv sijhawm.
(4) Ua tib zoo siv lub tshuab kuaj vuam, ua raws li daim ntawv pov thawj welder, tsim cov ntaub ntawv welder technical.
Rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb lossis tseem ceeb welded, xav kom ntxaws ntxiv ntawm cov welder kuj yuav tsum tau.Piv txwv li, qhov ntev ntawm kev cob qhia welder, kev tsim khoom, kev ua haujlwm tam sim no, hnub nyoog, qhov ntev ntawm kev pabcuam, lub cev muaj zog, tsis pom kev, kev saib xyuas, thiab lwm yam, yuav tsum suav nrog txhua qhov kev ntsuas.
2.Vuam tshuab khoom yam tseem ceeb
Kev ua tau zoo, ruaj khov thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm ntau yam khoom siv vuam ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau vuam zoo.Qhov ntau cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv, qhov siab dua ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab automation, qhov siab dua qhov kev vam khom ntawm vuam zoo ntawm nws.
Yog li ntawd, hom khoom siv no yuav tsum muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua thiab ruaj khov.Cov cuab yeej siv vuam yuav tsum raug tshuaj xyuas thiab kuaj ua ntej siv, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua yuav tsum tau siv rau txhua yam khoom siv hauv kev pabcuam vuam.
Nyob rau hauv kev ruaj ntseg zoo, pib los ntawm kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam, lub vuam tshuab thiab cov cuab yeej siv yuav tsum ua cov hauv qab no:
(1) Kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua, kev saib xyuas thiab kho dua tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv vuam, thiab cov qauv vuam tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau sim ua ntej tsim khoom.
(2) Tsis tu ncua xyuas lub ammeter, voltmeter, gas flow meter thiab lwm yam cuab yeej ntawm cov khoom siv vuam kom paub meej qhov kev ntsuas raug thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom.
(3) Tsim cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis ntawm cov khoom siv vuam txheej txheem los muab cov tswv yim rau kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev daws teeb meem.
(4) Tsim kom muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov neeg siv khoom siv vuam los xyuas kom lub sijhawm thiab txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tu cov cuab yeej.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv cov khoom siv vuam, xws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov dej, hluav taws xob, ib puag ncig, thiab lwm yam, kev hloov kho ntawm cov khoom siv vuam, qhov chaw yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm, thiab kev hloov ntawm qhov tsis zoo yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas, yog li kom ntseeg tau tias kev siv cov khoom siv vuam siv ib txwm muaj.
3.Vuam khoomyam
Cov khoom siv raw siv hauv kev tsim vuam muaj xws li cov hlau hauv paus, cov khoom siv vuam (electrode, hlau, flux, tiv thaiv roj), thiab lwm yam. Qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog lub hauv paus thiab lub hauv paus los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom vuam.
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau qhov zoo ntawm vuam, kev tshuaj xyuas zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.Nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm kev tsim khoom, uas yog, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum kaw cov khoom ua ntej pub mis, txhawm rau kom ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv vuam zoo.
Nyob rau hauv lub vuam zoo tswj system, kev tswj zoo ntawm vuam cov ntaub ntawv raw feem ntau suav nrog cov kev ntsuas hauv qab no:
(1) Txhim kho qhov kev lees paub thiab tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv vuam vuam, thiab rov xyuas lawv lub cev thiab tshuaj indexes thiab cov khoom siv tshuab yog tias tsim nyog.
(2) Tsim kom muaj kev tswj xyuas nruj rau vuam cov ntaub ntawv raw los tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm vuam cov ntaub ntawv raw thaum khaws cia.
(3) Siv cov cim kev ua haujlwm ntawm vuam cov ntaub ntawv raw hauv kev tsim khoom kom ua tiav kev taug qab thiab tswj qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv vuam zoo.
(4) Xaiv cov khoom siv vuam cov khoom lag luam thiab cov chaw tsim khoom sib koom tes nrog lub koob npe nrov thiab cov khoom zoo rau kev txiav txim thiab kev ua haujlwm, thiab tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo zoo.
Nyob rau hauv luv luv, kev tswj ntawm vuam cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom yuav tsum tau raws li nyob rau hauv vuam specifications thiab lub teb chaws cov qauv, raws sij hawm taug qab thiab tswj nws zoo, es tsis txhob cia li nkag mus rau lub Hoobkas txais, tsis quav ntsej lub cim thiab soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm.
4.Vuam txheej txheem txheej txheem yam
Qhov vuam zoo yog nyob ntawm tus txheej txheem txheej txheem, thiab nyob hauv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov yam ntxwv uas cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam.
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev vuam zoo feem ntau yog los ntawm ob qho tib si, ib qho yog qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim;Lwm qhov yog qhov nruj ntawm cov txheej txheem ua tiav.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov txheej txheem vuam ntawm cov khoom lossis cov khoom siv yuav tsum raug soj ntsuam, thiab tom qab ntawd raws li cov txheej txheem kev ntsuas ntawm cov txheej txheem kev soj ntsuam thiab cov duab kos, kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem vuam, kev npaj cov txheej txheem vuam cov lus qhia lossis daim npav txheej txheem vuam. , uas tau hais nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntau yam txheej txheem tsis yog lub hauv paus rau kev taw qhia lub vuam.Nws yog raws li kev simulation ntawm cov khoom zoo sib xws los ntawm kev sim thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev ntev thiab cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom thiab npaj, yog los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo ntawm vuam lub hauv paus tseem ceeb, nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sau ntawv, kev hnyav. , prudence thiab continuity.Nws feem ntau yog npaj los ntawm cov kws paub txog kev siv vuam los xyuas kom nws qhov tseeb thiab qhov tseeb.
Raws li lub hauv paus no, txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau qhov kev ua tiav ntawm cov txheej txheem, nws tsis raug tso cai los hloov cov txheej txheem tsis muaj lub hauv paus txaus, thiab txawm tias yuav tsum tau hloov pauv, nws yuav tsum ua qee cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem.
Cov txheej txheem vuam tsis tsim nyog tsis tuaj yeem lav qhov tsim nyog weld, tab sis nrog cov txheej txheem tsim nyog thiab tsim nyog tau lees paub los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas, yog tias tsis ua raws li nruj me ntsis, tib yam tsis tuaj yeem welding tsim nyog.Ob qho tib si ntxiv rau ib leeg thiab nyob ntawm ib leeg, thiab ob qho tib si tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej lossis tsis saib xyuas.
Nyob rau hauv lub vuam zoo tswj system, kev tswj zoo ntawm cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam rau txoj kev vuam txheej txheem yog:
(1) Cov txheej txheem vuam yuav tsum raug soj ntsuam raws li cov kev cai cuam tshuam lossis cov qauv hauv tebchaws.
(2) Xaiv cov kws tshaj lij vuam cov kws tshaj lij los npaj cov ntaub ntawv txheej txheem uas xav tau, thiab cov ntaub ntawv txheej txheem yuav tsum ua kom tiav thiab txuas ntxiv.
(3) Txhim khu kev tswj ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev saib xyuas hauv cov txheej txheem vuam raws li cov txheej txheem vuam txheej txheem.
(4) Ua ntej kev tsim khoom, vuam cov khoom kuaj phaj thiab cov txheej txheem vuam kev kuaj xyuas phaj yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem vuam txheej txheem los xyuas qhov tseeb thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov txheej txheem txheej txheem.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem vuam tsis muaj qhov loj me, thiab yuav tsum muaj cov phiaj xwm kho kom zoo rau kev sib tsoo zoo rau cov txheej txheem vuam tseem ceeb kom txo qis kev poob.
5.Environmental factor
Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig tshwj xeeb, kev vam khom ntawm vuam zoo ntawm ib puag ncig kuj tseem loj.Kev ua haujlwm vuam yog feem ntau ua nyob rau hauv cov huab cua sab nraum zoov, uas yuav raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov xwm txheej sab nraud (xws li kub, av noo, cua thiab nag thiab daus huab cua), thiab nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm lwm yam, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau. ua rau vuam tsis zoo teeb meem tsuas yog vim ib puag ncig yam.
Yog li ntawd, qee qhov kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them rau nws.Hauv kev tswj kev vuam zoo, kev tswj kev ntsuas ntawm ib puag ncig yog qhov yooj yim, thaum ib puag ncig tsis ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov kev cai, xws li cua loj, cua ceev tshaj plaub, los yog nag thiab daus huab cua, txheeb ze av noo ntau dua. tshaj 90%, tuaj yeem nres qhov kev ua haujlwm vuam ib ntus, lossis siv cua, nag thiab daus ntsuas ua ntej vuam;
Thaum vuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, cov pa roj carbon tsawg yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua -20 ° C, cov hlau zoo tib yam yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua -10 ° C, xws li tshaj qhov ntsuas kub no, lub workpiece tuaj yeem ua kom zoo preheated.
Los ntawm cov kev soj ntsuam saum toj no ntawm cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm tsib yam ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam thiab nws cov kev tswj xyuas thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus, nws tuaj yeem pom tias tsib yam ntawm cov khoom muaj feem cuam tshuam rau ib leeg thiab hla ib leeg, thiab yuav tsum muaj. systematic thiab nruam kev txiav txim siab.
Post lub sij hawm: Jul-05-2023