Vuam txoj cai ntawm Shielded Hlau Arc Vuam (SMAW)

SMAW, tseem hu ua electrode arc vuam, yog ib txoj kev fusion vuam txoj kev uas lub arc yog induced los ntawm electrode thiab vuam qhov chaw yog melted los ntawm arc tshav kub.Nws yog feem ntau siv thiab siv vuam txoj kev tam sim no.

Arc yog ib qho phenomenon ntawm huab cua conduction.Lub vuam arc yog ib qho muaj zog thiab tsis tu ncua qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim hauv cov roj nruab nrab ntawm cov electrode thiab cov khoom ua haujlwm.Thaum lub sij hawm welding txheej txheem, cov electrode thiab welding yog feem txuas nrog ob lub electrodes ntawm vuam fais fab.Thaum lub vuam tseem ceeb ntawm cov electrode hu rau saum npoo ntawm lub vuam, lub Circuit Court yog qhib, thiab ib tug loj luv luv-circuit tam sim no yog generated nyob rau tib lub sij hawm.Txij li thaum muaj qee qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev sib cuag, raws li Q = I2Rt, cov cua kub ntau yuav raug tsim nyob rau ntawd, thiab cov cua sov yuav sai sai thiab yaj cov kev sib cuag.Thaum lub electrode yog lifted los ntawm 2 ~ 4 hli, cov roj nruab nrab ntawm cov electrode thiab cov vuam yog ionized, ua conductive electrons thiab zoo ions.Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm hluav taws xob teb, cov electrons txav mus rau lub anode, thiab cov ions zoo txav mus rau cathode.Lawv sib tsoo thiab recombine tsis tu ncua, hloov lub zog kinetic rau hauv lub zog hluav taws xob, yog li tsim lub teeb muaj zog thiab kub kub, thiab tsim ib qho arc nruab nrab ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov electrode thiab cov vuam.

Lub arc melts qhov kawg ntawm cov electrode thiab cov khoom sib txuas ntawm tib lub sijhawm.Lub vuam hlau melts los ua ib lub pas dej molten, thiab cov hlau electrode melts los ua ib tee dej.Cov molten droplets nkag mus rau hauv lub pas dej molten nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus thiab arc tshuab quab yuam, fuse nrog cov hlau ntawm weldment, thiab tsim ib tug weld tom qab solidification.Thaum lub sij hawm vuam txheej txheem, txheej txheej melts los ua slag thiab ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov roj yog generated, uas tiv thaiv thiab metallurgically kho cov molten pas dej ua ke hlau.

Lub vuam arc muaj peb ntu: thaj chaw cathode, thaj chaw anode thiab thaj chaw arc.Lub cheeb tsam cathode emits electrons, thiab qhov kub thiab txias yog tsawg, txog 2400K;thaj chaw anode txais electrons, thiab qhov kub thiab txias, txog 2600K;qhov nruab nrab kub ntawm qhov arc kem cheeb tsam yog qhov siab tshaj plaws, txog 6000 ~ 8000K.

Thaum siv DC arc vuam fais fab qhov chaw (xws li arc vuam rectifier) ​​​​rau vuam, muaj ob txoj kev sib txuas: kev sib txuas zoo thiab kev sib txuas rov qab.Kev sib txuas zoo yog txoj kev sib txuas uas cov electrode txuas nrog qhov tsis zoo electrode thiab lub workpiece txuas nrog qhov zoo electrode.Txij li thaum qhov zoo electrode txais cov hluav taws xob thiab tsim hluav taws xob ntau dua, qhov vuam yog yooj yim rau kev nkag mus, yog li txoj kev sib txuas no feem ntau siv rau vuam thicker workpieces.Kev sib txuas rov qab yog txoj kev sib txuas uas cov electrode txuas nrog rau qhov zoo electrode thiab lub workpiece txuas nrog qhov tsis zoo electrode.Txij li thaum tshav kub generated los ntawm cov electrons emitted los ntawm qhov tsis zoo electrode yog tsawg, lub vuam tsis yooj yim rau hlawv, yog li no txoj kev sib txuas yog feem ntau siv rau vuam nyias workpieces.

Lub tshav kub tsim los ntawm vuam arc yog proportional rau cov khoom ntawm arc voltage thiab vuam tam sim no (piv txwv li, Q = IUt).Feem ntau, qhov hluav taws xob nruab nrab ntawm cov vuam thiab cov electrode thaum lub arc yog ruaj khov yog hu ua arc voltage, thiab qhov hluav taws xob arc feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 20 ~ 35V.Vim tias qhov hluav taws xob arc hloov me ntsis, lub tshav kub arc feem ntau yog kho los ntawm kev kho cov vuam tam sim no hauv kev tsim khoom.

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